Cannabis

Cannabis and Health

Cannabis, also called marijuana, pot, or weed, refers to all components of the cannabis sativa plant.

The cannabis plant contains over 100 compounds. This includes cannabidiol (CBD) which is not intoxicating, and delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is the main intoxicating component in the plant.

Cannabis products can differ greatly. Dried cannabis has a higher average THC level now than it has before. Concentrates or edibles often have even higher amounts of THC. This can make it easy to accidentally use more than intended. If using cannabis, it's important to start with a low amount and go slowly so you don't take too much.

The way cannabis is used- by combustion (smoked or vaped), consumed through food or beverage, applied on the skin, or by heating concentrates to inhale (dabbing)- impact how fast the effects are felt, and how long they last. Inhaling cannabis typically results in feeling effects more quickly, while edibles take longer.

The human brain is developing through the mid-twenties. Research shows using cannabis before the brain is fully developed impacts the way the brain develops. This can create difficulties with memory/learning, processing, emotional regulation, REM sleep, and increase the likelihood of developing a cannabis use disorder (dependency). A growing body of research also indicates a higher risk of experiencing poor mental health outcomes.

Cannabis Smoke

Cannabis smoke has many of the same chemicals as tobacco smoke, which can harm lung health. More long-term research is needed to determine relationships between cannabis and cancer.

Secondhand cannabis smoke can be harmful to those exposed to it. Cannabis smoke contains chemicals and fine particles that are not healthy for the lungs. Secondhand cannabis smoke can contain solvents, pesticides, mold, and other chemicals used during the growing or manufacturing process. The risk is greater with untested products. Long-term exposure to secondhand cannabis smoke can damage arteries, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. There is also risk of feeling the effects of THC after being exposed to secondhand smoke which may impact ability to safely carry out tasks like driving.

Accidental Ingestions

Since 2017, Maine has seen a rise in cannabis use rates by youth and young adults. With the launch of legal adult use cannabis in Maine in 2020, it is more easily accessible. The rates of accidental ingestions by young children (ages 0-5) have increased since 2019. Effects of cannabis may be more severe in a young child who consumes cannabis.

Signs of accidental ingestion can include:

• Sleepy/drowsy or unable to be woken up
• Slurred speech
• Fast heart rate
• Difficulty breathing
• Difficulty walking or sitting up

If you think a child has ingested cannabis, the Poison Control Hotline can help- call 1-800-222-1222. If the reaction is severe, call 911 or go to an emergency room.

Cannabis and Driving

Impaired driving laws also apply to driving under the influence of cannabis. Cannabis can impair coordination, slow reaction times, and slow decision making.

Some cannabis products, like edibles, are still impacting the brain several hours after use. It's important to make a safe plan to get where you need to go.

Cannabis Prevention Strategies

Youth

• Talk to your kids early and often. Keep conversations fact-based, casual, and avoid lecturing. Answer questions without judgement and set expectations. Understand how cannabis use during youth can affect the development of kids' brains.
• Use this Cannabis Conversation Guide (PDF) for information and tips!
• Safely store any cannabis products that might be in the home:
• In their original packaging
• In a locked box or pouch
• Away from other foods or medications

These steps can make sure children don't accidentally take cannabis.

Schools:

• Implement restorative school policies for substance use violations
• Resource: Maine School Substance Use Policy Guide (PDF)
• Use restorative practices like Student Intervention Reintegration Program (SIRP) for youth ages 13-18 who have violated a substance use policy
• Collaborate with youth groups like the Maine Youth Action Network (MYAN) who address substance use, mental health, and community action in their programming
• Use evidence-based curricula when educating on different substances
• The Maine CDC School Health Resources and Lesson Guide outlines quality programs that align with health education learning standards
• Avoid one-time assemblies or scare tactics when educating about cannabis or other substances
• Work with your local prevention partner [LINK3.4.3.6] to align with best practices

Adults:

• Learn the health information, Maine laws, and tips for low-risk cannabis use
• If using cannabis, consider a tolerance break to reduce the risk of developing a dependency on cannabis
• For workplaces: Learn about the influence a workplace culture can have on substance use for adults and minors
• Healthy US Scorecard and SAMHSA's Drug-Free Workplace Toolkit

Campaigns Addressing Cannabis Use

• Good to Know- Includes information on health effects related to cannabis use, resources for talking to youth, the laws, and strategies for lower-risk cannabis use.
• Times Have Changed - Addresses how substance use has evolved over time to keep parents current and informed.
• Let's Talk Cannabis Maine- Addresses cannabis use among young adults, the risk of dependency, and strategies to cut back.
• Unclouded Maine- A teen-focused campaign addressing the impacts of cannabis use on the teen brain, with a specific focus on how cannabis use can make it difficult to make memories.
• Let's Talk Cannabis Maine Parents- Provides parents with information on cannabis and its impact on the youth brain and mental health. This campaign includes tools for talking to youth about cannabis use with the goal of prevention.

For More Information

• 211 Maine -- Call, Text, or visit 211 online for the largest database available that connecting people to services and public health information. All outreach is free and confidential.
• Maine SEOW Dashboard -- The State Epidemiological Outcomes Workgroup dashboard outlines current data and trends in substance use in Maine. It is a great resource for understanding the risks for your children, your community, and yourself.
• MIYHS- The Maine Integrated Youth Health Survey is a biennial survey conducted by the Maine Department of Health and Human Services and the Maine Department of Education. The survey monitors health behaviors and attitudes regarding tobacco, alcohol, substance use, mental health, nutrition, physical activity, and protective factors.
• The Maine Office of Cannabis Policy is responsible for the oversight and regulation of all aspects of legalized cannabis, including Maine's Medical Use of Cannabis Program and Adult Use Cannabis Program.
• CADCA- The Community-Based, Advocacy-Focused, Data-Driven, Coalition-Building Association is a national association providing support for substance use prevention coalitions, offering training, advocacy and educational resources, youth leadership development opportunities, and success stories to reduce misuse of substances across the globe.
• Maine Prevention Store- Free print materials and digital downloads to improve health and help to prevent tobacco use, substance use, and suicide in Maine.

Contact:

• Maine CDC Tobacco and Substance Use Prevention and Control
• Phone: (207) 287-4627
• E-mail: tsup.dhhs@maine.gov
• TTY: Maine relay 711