Early Learning Foundational Skills
Children develop their physical abilities — motor development — at a fast pace, especially noticeable between the ages of three and five. Motor development breaks down into two areas of focus: fine motor and gross motor skills.
Motor Development
Adults should encourage and promote physical development by providing safe and appropriate physical activities. Research shows that children who participate in regular physical activity will have overall better health and confidence in their bodies. To promote development, children must have the opportunity to practice skills daily — in particular, young children build motor skills through active play.
Key Terms
- Motor development: The physical growth and strengthening of a child's bones, muscles, and ability to move and touch their surroundings.
- Fine motor skills: The ability to make movements using the small muscles in our hands and wrists.
- Gross motor skills: The ability to make movements using the large muscles in our arms, legs, and torso.
- Dexterity: The ability to perform tasks with our hands.
Grip and Manipulation
Fine motor skills related to small hand and finger muscles, commonly referred to as dexterity.
Balance, Coordination & Crossing Midline
Gross motor skills related to use of large muscles, like the torso, arms, and legs.
Self-Help Skills
Fine and gross motor skills that support and encourage independence among growing children.