Meningococcal disease is a name for any infection caused by bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis. These bacteria can live in the back of the nose and throat without causing illness. Sometimes the bacteria move to other parts of the body and cause infection. People spread these bacteria to others by sharing respiratory secretions (saliva or spit). The bacteria spreads through close or lengthy contact.
- Example of close contact: Kissing.
- Example of lengthy contact: Living together.
Symptoms
The two most common types of meningococcal infections are:
- Meningococcal bloodstream infection.
- The bacteria enter the blood and damage the walls of the blood vessels. This causes bleeding in the skin and organs.
- Meningococcal meningitis.
- The bacteria infect the lining of the brain and spinal cord and cause swelling. Symptoms can include fever, headache and stiff neck.
Prevention
Vaccination is the best way to protect against meningococcal disease. Talk to a health care provider if you have questions about these vaccines.
CDC recommends meningococcal vaccination for:
- All preteens and teens
- Children 2 months through 10 years old at increased risk
- Adults 19 years and older at increased risk
Resources
- Meningococcal Disease fact sheet (English) (PDF) | (PDF) عربي | Français (PDF) | Lingala (PDF) | Português (PDF) | 中国人 (PDF) | Soomaali (PDF) | Español (PDF)
- Maine Immunization Program
- Maine Immunization Rate Assessment Reports
- Meningococcal Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) ACWY
- Meningococcal Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) B
- U.S. CDC Meningococcal