Hirundo Wildlife Refuge
Building at the Hirundo Wildlife Refuge. Photo: Hirundo Wildlife Refuge.
Hirundo Wildlife Refuge covers 2,460 acres of preserved woodlands and wetlands just west of Old Town. The refuge is dedicated to conserving nature while also providing educational and recreational opportunities for the public.
This area lies on the original homelands of the Penobscot Nation, which has used the land for travel, trade, gathering, and residence for generations. Its location along Pushaw Stream, along with various artifacts discovered in the region, indicates that it primarily served as a fishing camp. The earliest human occupation in Central Maine began shortly after the Ice Age, following the melting of glaciers that once covered much of the continent. Around 12,400 years ago, the land began to emerge as ice receded, forming the Penobscot River and Pushaw Stream. As the region dried out, it became covered by forests similar to those present today, although the composition of these forests has changed over the past 12,000 years. Pollen studies in the area have allowed researchers to reconstruct the different tree species that existed at various times.
The Hirundo Site, stretching 250 meters along the south bank of Pushaw Stream, was discovered in 1971 by a local resident exploring the refuge. Archaeological field schools have taught university students various scientific techniques, including systematic excavation methods. Experts in geological and paleoecological sciences have also studied the site and its surroundings.
Hirundo Refuge is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and serves as a living laboratory for various classes and student projects at the University of Maine. The refuge features over 7 miles of marked trails, river access, public programs, and free rental opportunities for canoes, kayaks, and snowshoes. The universal access trail, known as the Trail of the Senses, provides an opportunity for sensory and mobility-impaired individuals to experience and engage with nature.
