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Home > Plant Lists > Native Trees
Native Trees
Key:
- F=full sunlight
- P=partial shade
- S=shade
- H=hydric; wet, periodically or often inundated by water
- M=mesic; moist, adequate soil moisture retention all year
- S=sub-xeric; moist to dry, seasonally moist, periodically dry
- X=xeric; dry and drought resistant, little moisture retention, excessively drained
NAME |
LIGHT |
MOISTURE |
HEIGHT |
COMMENTS |
Common |
Scientific
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Balsam fir
|
Abies balsamea
|
F,P
|
M
|
75'
|
Open growth in hot, dry locations; evergreen
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Red maple, Swamp maple
|
Acer rubrum
|
F,P
|
M
|
60'
|
Excellent fall color; tolerates wet spring soils
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Sugar maple, Rock maple
|
Acer saccharum
|
F,P
|
M
|
75'
|
Excellent orange-red fall color; beautiful large shade tree
|
Mountain maple
|
Acer spicatum
|
F,P
|
M
|
30'
|
Useful in naturalizing
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Yellow birch
|
Betula alleghaniensis
|
F,P
|
M
|
100'
|
Does best in cool soils and cool summers; beautiful bark; long lived
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Paper birch
|
Betula papyrifera
|
F
|
M
|
70'
|
Beautiful white bark year-round; tolerates poor, dry soils
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Gray birch
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Betula populifolia
|
F
|
M
|
40'
|
Does well in poor soils; good for naturalizing
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American hornbeam, Blue-beech
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Carpinus caroliniana spp. virginiana
|
F
|
M
|
30'
|
Good for naturalizing; tolerates periodic flooding
|
Pagoda dogwood
|
Cornus alternifolia
|
F,P
|
M
|
M 25'
|
Moist soil is important; white flowers in early June
|
Cockspur thorn
|
Crataegus crus-galli
|
F
|
M
|
30'
|
Glossy green leaves; 2" thorns; persistent dark red fruits
|
White ash
|
Fraxinus americana
|
F
|
M
|
80'
|
Handsome large tree; good fall leaf color; tolerates alkaline soil
|
Green ash
|
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
|
F,P
|
M |
60'
|
Faster-growing than white ash; tolerates salty, dry and alkaline soil
|
Larch, Hackmatack, Tamarack
|
Larix laricina
|
F
|
H,M
|
80''
|
Good in well-drained and moist-to-wet naturalized sites
|
Black gum
|
Nyssa sylvatica
|
F,P
|
M
|
50'
|
Excellent yellow-orange fall leaf color
|
American hophornbeam
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Ostrya virginiana
|
F,P
|
M,S
|
40'
|
Slow to establish after transplanting; good medium-sized tree
|
White spruce, Cat spruce
|
Picea glauca
|
F,P
|
M
|
60'
|
Good specimen or windbreak; evergreen
|
Black spruce
|
Picea mariana
|
F,P
|
M
|
40'
|
Tolerates wet sites; evergreen
|
Jack pine
|
Pinus banksiana
|
F
|
S,X
|
50'
|
Useful for windbreaks or mass plantings in sandy soil; evergreen
|
Red pine, Norway pine
|
Pinus resinosa
|
F
|
S,X
|
80'
|
Good windbreak; tolerates dry soils well; evergreen
|
White pine
|
Pinus strobus
|
F
|
M,S
|
80'
|
Handsome specimen; not tolerant of salt; evergreen
|
Bigtooth aspen
|
Populus grandidentata
|
F
|
M,S
|
70'
|
Fast growing, short lived; good yellow fall leaf color
|
Quaking aspen, Trembling aspen
|
Populus tremuloides
|
F
|
M
|
50'
|
Fast growing, short lived; good yellow fall leaf color
|
Pin cherry, fire cherry, bird cherry
|
Prunus pensylvanica
|
F
|
M
|
35'
|
Adaptable; fast growing; tolerates poor soil
|
Black cherry
|
Prunus serotina
|
F
|
M
|
60'
|
Interesting black bark; white flowers in spring; wildlife food source
|
White oak
|
Quercus alba
|
F
|
M
|
80'
|
Large tree; transplant when young
|
Northern red oak
|
Quercus rubra
|
F
|
M
|
75'
|
Transplants readily; good fall red leaf color
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Black willow
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Salix nigra
|
F
|
H,M
|
35'
|
Tolerates wet soils; twigs can cause lawn litter
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American mountainash
|
Sorbus americana
|
F
|
M
|
30'
|
Fruits good in wildlife landscape
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Northern white-cedar, Arborvitae
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Thuja occidentalis
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F,P
|
M
|
60'
|
Useful hedge or specimen plant; tolerates alkaline soil
|
Basswood, American linden
|
Tilia americana
|
F,P
|
M
|
80'
|
Large tree; tolerates alkaline soil; good for urban landscape
|
Eastern hemlock
|
Tsuga canadensis
|
F,P,S
|
M
|
70'
|
Graceful evergreen; does not tolerate drought or windy sites
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It was made possible by Friends of Acadia, Garden Club Federation of Maine, Josselyn Botanical Society, Maine Natural Areas Program/Maine Department of Conservation, Maine Department of Agriculture, Maine Landscape and Nursery Association, Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, National Park Service, Native Plant Conservation Initiative, The Nature Conservancy, University of Maine Cooperative Extension, University of Maine Horticulture Club and the USDA Forest Service.
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