NESHAP
and Major Sources
What is a "major source"?
A "major" source is defined as a stationary source that emits
10 tons per year of any of the 188
listed hazardous air pollutants, or 25 tons per year of a combination
of these pollutants. These sources may release hazardous air pollutants
from equipment leaks, when materials are transferred from one location
to another, or during discharge through emission stacks or vents. Applicability
is further defined in the individual MACTs.
Which MACTs affect
major sources in Maine?
The following is a partial list of MACT standards known to be applicable
to businesses in Maine and their impact on air quality nationwide. For
a complete list of National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
and applicable MACT standards, visit EPA's website at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/mactfnlalph.html.
- The Industrial/Commercial/Institutional
Boilers and Process Heaters MACT regulates hydrogen chloride,
arsenic, cadmium, chromium, hydrogen fluoride, lead, manganese,
mercury and nickel emissions from boilers and process heaters. More
than 30 Maine business are subject to this MACT.
- The Reciprocating
Internal Combustion Engine (RICE) MACT regulates formaldehyde,
acrolien, methanol and acetaldehyde emissions from stationary
reciprocating internal combustion engines found at facilities
such as pipeline compressor stations and power plants. EPA
estimates a 40% reduction in emissions of these hazardous air
pollutants because of this MACT.
- The Plywood & Composite
Wood Products MACT regulates acetylaldehyde, acrolien, formaldehyde,
methanol, phenol and propionaldehyde emissions from plywood, particle
board and composite wood products manufacturing. EPA estimates
a 42% reduction in emissions of these hazardous air pollutants
because of this MACT.
- The Pulp & Paper
MACT I and Pulp & Paper
MACT III regulate formaldehyde, methanol, acetylaldehyde,
and methyl ethyl ketone emissions from the pulping process and
chlorine, chloroform, methanol, formaldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone,
chlorinated phenolics, dioxin furans and chlorinated organics
from the bleaching process, respectively. EPA estimates
a 60% reduction in emissions of these hazardous air pollutants
because of these MACTs.
- The Combustion
Sources at Kraft, Soda, and Sulfite Pulp and Paper Mills (also
known as the Recovery Boiler Combustion MACT or Pulp & Paper
MACT II) regulates metals, gaseous organic air toxics and hydrogen
chloride emissions from recovery boilers, lime kilns, and smelt
dissolving tanks. Seven facilities in Maine are subject
to this MACT.
- The Paper
and Other Web Coating MACT regulates toluene, methanol, methyl
ethyl ketone, xylenes, and phenol emissions from paper coating
processes. EPA estimates an 80% reduction in emissions of
these hazardous air pollutants because of this MACT.
- The Printing
and Publishing MACT regulates toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene,
methyl isobutyl ketone, ethylene glycol, glycol ethers, methanol
and methyl ethyl ketone emissions from printing processes. EPA
estimates a 20% reduction in emission of these hazardous air pollutants
because of this MACT.
- The Shipbuilding
and Repair MACT regulates xylene, toluene, ethylbenzene, methyl
ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethylene glycol and glycol
ethers in surface coating operation at shipbuilding and repair
facilities. EPA estimates a 24% reduction in emissions of these
hazardous air pollutants because of this MACT.
- The Boat
Manufacturing MACT regulates styrene, methyl methacrylate,
methylene chloride, toluene, xylene, n-hexane, methyl ethyl ketone,
methyl isobutyl ketone, and methyl chloroform emissions from boat
manufacturing and processes. EPA estimates a 30% reduction
in emissions of these hazardous air pollutants because of this
MACT.
- The Leather
Finishing Operations MACT regulates glycol ethers, xylene
and toluene emissions from tanning and leather making operations. EPA
estimates a 50% reduction in emissions of these hazardous air
pollutants because of this MACT.
- The Polymers & Resins
III MACT regulates formaldehyde, methanol, phenol, xylene,
and toluene emissions in the manufacturing of amino and phenolic
resins and their processing. EPA estimates a 55% reduction
in emissions of these hazardous air pollutants because of this
MACT.
- The Fabric
Printing, Coating & Dyeing MACT regulates toluene, methyl
ethyl ketone, methanol, xylenes, methyl isobutyl ketone, methylene
chloride, trichloroethylene, n-hexane, glycol ethers (ethylene
glycol) and formaldehyde emitted from textile processing. EPA
estimates a 60% reduction in emissions of these hazardous air
pollutants because of this MACT.
- The Miscellaneous
Organic Chemical Production and Processes MACT regulates toluene,
methanol, xylene, hydrogen chloride and methylene chloride emitted
from chemical manufacturing processes. EPA estimates a 68%
reduction in emissions of these hazardous air pollutants because
of this MACT.
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What is reconstruction?
All MACTs have specific requirements for new sources. Usually
new MACT sources have stricter emission standards than existing sources. Sources
that have undergone reconstruction may have to meet the same emission
standards as a new source.
Reconstruction is defined as a change that costs 50% of the cost of
constructing a new unit or source like the one being rebuilt.
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What do I need to do if
I become a "major source"?
All MACTs have notification requirements, however, they tend to vary
from source category to source category. If your facility becomes
a major source which is subject to MACT regulation, you should contact
Maine DEP's Lisa Higgins at (207)287-7023, Lisa.Higgins@Maine.gov for
further notification information. 06-096
CMR Chapter 140, "Part 70 Air Emissions License Regulations," requires
all major sources to have a Title V Air Emissions License issued by
the Department. Click
here for more information about Title V Air Emissions licenses.
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What happens if a new or reconstructed
major source does not have a MACT associated with it?
States are required to create a case-by-case MACT determination for
any new or reconstructed major source without a MACT (covered under Section
112(g) of the Clean Air Act). The State will go through a
process similar to what the EPA went through to develop the present
MACTs.
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Are there MACTs for smaller area
sources?
Yes, although most MACTs address major sources, EPA developed some MACTs
for area sources that emit 112(c) pollutants, such as mercury and dioxin,
or if the pollutant they emit has a major impact on health risks in
an urban area, such as perchloroethylene from dry cleaners. See Area
Sources and Urban Air Toxics Strategy for
more information.
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What if I am not sure that
a MACT applies to me?
Contact Maine DEP's Lisa Higgins or
your Air Licensing Engineer. We can help determine is a MACT applies
to you.
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